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Matthew 5:7-12 (The Beatitudes – Part 2)

INTRODUCTION: We are studying the Sermon on the Mount, and we are looking at the Beatitudes which begin the Sermon on the Mount. Last week we looked at the first four Beatitudes. This week we will look at the remaining four. (Read Matthew 5:7-12 and pray.)

Last week we saw that the first four Beatitudes all had a common theme. Together they focused on our weakness and need before God. The poor in spirit are those who confess their need for God. Those who mourn are those who grieve over sin. The meek are those who humbly submit to God and others. Those hungering and thirsting for righteousness are those who long for God’s will and his ways.

But now that we move on to the second four Beatitudes, there is a change in emphasis. Different writers describe this change in emphasis in different ways. One person describes it as moving from the passive Beatitudes to the more active Beatitudes. (Morgan) Another describes it as moving from dependence on God to the outworking of that dependence. (Morris) Another person describes it as moving from the “need Beatitudes” to the “help Beatitudes. We turn from needing help in the first four beatitudes to giving help in the next Beatitudes. (Bruner) Another writer describes it as initial exercises and subsequent fruits, negative graces followed by positive graces. (Pink) John Stott describes it as changing from our attitude towards God to our attitude towards our fellow man.

These are all helpful ways to describe this shift in emphasis. I like to look at it this way. The first four Beatitudes focus on our weakness and need as we come to Christ, whereas the second four focus on the change that happens in us after we come to Christ. In the first four Beatitudes, we come to Christ poor in spirit, sorry for our sin, humbly submitting to him, longing to grow. Then God gives us his Holy Spirit and changes us. He makes us merciful, pure in heart, peacemakers, and fellow-sufferers with Jesus Christ.

And even though there is this change in emphasis as we move to the second half of the Beatitudes, we need to remember that Jesus is still speaking about the same group of people. Jesus is describing believers here, and all eight Beatitudes together paint a beautiful portrait of the disciple of Jesus Christ.

I. The merciful (7)

So let’s begin with the fifth Beatitude: “Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy.” (Matthew 5:7)

   A. Those who show compassion for people in need

The merciful are those who show compassion for people in need. John Calvin comments on this verse: “They are blessed who are not only prepared to put up with their own troubles, but also take on other peoples.” Notice that the merciful are not those who just feel compassion for others but those who show compassion. In the Bible feelings of compassion are not enough but must also lead to action.

      1) giving to the needy (Proverbs 14:21; Matthew 6:2)

There are two main ways the Bible says that we may be merciful to others. The first is by giving to the needy. Proverbs 14:21 says, “Blessed is he who is kind to the needy.” (Proverbs 14:21) Later in the Sermon on the Mount when Jesus talks about giving to the needy (Matthew 6:2), the phrase translated “when you give to the needy” in the original language actually means “to act mercifully.” When you give to the needy, whether financially or with your love and time, you are being merciful.

      2) forgiving others for their sins (Matthew 18:33; Hebrews 2:17-18)

Another way we may be merciful is by forgiving others when they sin against us. Jesus told a parable about a rich man who forgave his servant a huge debt, but then that servant turned around and wouldn’t forgive another man for a much smaller debt. When the rich man heard what his servant had done he punished him saying, “Shouldn’t you have had mercy on your fellow servant just as I had on you?” (Matthew 18:33) We call this the Parable of the Unmerciful Servant. Why? Because the servant was not willing to forgive the other person.

The adjective for “merciful” is found in only one other place in the New Testament, in Hebrews 2:17, which describes Jesus as “a merciful and faithful high priest” and then goes on to say: “Because he himself suffered when he was tempted, he is able to help those who are being tempted.” (Hebrews 2:17-18) Jesus knows what it is like to be tempted, so he is a merciful high priest. We know what it’s like to be forgiven, so we should be merciful people. Our greatest need is forgiveness, and the merciful person shows compassion for people in need. So we need to forgive each other, and bear with each other in love.

   B. The blessing promised: “mercy”
      – Proverbs 11:17; Matthew 6:12; James 2:13

And what does Jesus promise the merciful person? “Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy.” This is the only Beatitude where the expressed condition and the promised blessing are identical to each other. Which makes you stop and wonder, which comes first – God’s mercy for us, or our mercy for others?

Well, this one’s actually a lot easier to answer than the chicken and the egg. The Bible makes it clear that God’s mercy always comes first. That’s what the first four Beatitudes were all about. Remember, the first four Beatitudes were all about our need for God’s mercy and grace, which is why they come first. God had mercy on us when he sent Jesus to die on the cross for our sins. So God’s mercy always comes first.

But when we recognize our own need and our own sin before God and when we realize how God has been merciful to us, we will be merciful with others as well. As Frederick Bruner writes: “Mercy begets mercy, which in turn begets still more mercy … Being a merciful, forgiving, or loving person is not a condition for God’s grace, but it is a necessary consequence.” So first God shows us mercy, and then we show others mercy, and then we receive the promised blessing of even more mercy! How neat is that!

Mercy begets mercy. We see this principle throughout the Scriptures. Proverbs 11:17 says, “A kind man benefits himself.” (Proverbs 11:17) Jesus taught us to pray, “Forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors.” (Matthew 6:12) James 2:13 says, “Judgment without mercy will be shown to anyone who has not been merciful. Mercy triumphs over judgment!” (James 2:13)

We need to be careful that we don’t take God’s promise of mercy in this Beatitude legalistically or in the sense that we have somehow earned God’s mercy. If that were so, it would read quite differently: “Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown justice.” No, mercy is always mercy, and God’s mercy to us is pure grace, even when we have been merciful to others. Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy.

II. The pure in heart (8)

The next Beatitude is for the pure in heart: “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God.” (Matthew 5:8)

   A. Those who walk with integrity before God (Psalm 24:3-6)

The word translated “pure” in this verse is a word that means clean, and the pure in heart are those who walk with integrity before God.

This Beatitude finds its Old Testament parallel in Psalm 24: “Who may ascend the hill of the Lord? Who may stand in his holy place? He who has clean hands and a pure heart, who does not lift up his soul to an idol or swear by what is false. He will receive blessing from the Lord … Such is the generation of those who seek him, who seek your face, O God of Jacob.” (Psalm 24:3-6)

The heart is the very center of your being, so the pure in heart are genuine and sincere in their relationship with God, and their hearts are clean before him.

      1) the unclean heart (Psalm 51:6; Proverbs 20:9; Jeremiah 17:9; Matthew 5:19-20)

We struggle with this Beatitude at first, because if we are poor in spirit then we already know that we have an unclean heart. Our hearts are unclean, but God requires a pure heart. Psalm 51:6 says, “Surely you desire truth in the inner parts.” (Psalm 51:6), but Proverbs 20:9 responds, “Who can say, ‘I have kept my heart pure; I am clean and without sin’”? (Proverbs 20:9) Who can say that? Can you say it? I sure can’t.

Jesus said, “For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, slander. These are what make a man ‘unclean.’” (Matthew 15:19-20) And Jeremiah 17:9 says, “The heart is deceitful above all things and beyond cure. Who can understand it?” (Jeremiah 17:9)

We have a problem here. Jesus says, “Blessed are the pure in heart,” and we have unclean hearts. So how can we possibly share in this blessing?

      2) only God can change (Psalm 51:10; Acts 15:9; Titus 3:5)

And the answer is that only God can make your heart pure. We don’t change our own hearts. Only God can change your heart. Consider David’s prayer in Psalm 51: “Create in me a pure heart, O God.” (Psalm 51:10) A pure heart is a new creation by God, not something we can achieve on our own.

So how does God do it? How does he make our hearts pure? Acts 15:9 says: “He purified their hearts by faith.” (Acts 15:9) When you put your trust and faith in Jesus Christ who died for you on the cross, God purifies your heart. He forgives you of your sin, he removes your old heart of stone, and he gives you a new heart to follow him. Titus 3:5 says: “He saved us through the washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit.” (Titus 3:5) God not only forgives you for your sin, but he also washes you clean. He cleanses you within. He purifies your heart.

   B. The blessing promised: “see God” (Hebrews 12:14)

And what is the promised blessing for those who are pure in heart? “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God.” There is no greater blessing than to see God. There are many beautiful things to see in this world – a sunset over the beach, the Grand Canyon, a newborn baby – and yet these are only reflections of God’s glory as seen in his creation. But to see God’s glory itself, that is a beauty beyond anything we have ever known or experienced. It is what you were created for. It is why the Psalmist writes in Psalm 27:4: “One thing I ask of the Lord, this is what I seek: that I may dwell in the house of the Lord all the days of my life, to gaze upon the beauty of the Lord and to seek him in his temple.” (Psalm 27:4) If you’ve ever wondered what you’ve been longing for all your life, this is it – to see God in all his glory and to gaze upon his beauty.

But you need to be pure in heart. Hebrews 12:14 says, “Without holiness no one will see the Lord.” (Hebrews 12:14) Which means that without Jesus, no one will see the Lord, because without Jesus, none of us are holy. Jesus makes you holy, so that one day you will see God.

      1) near God in the present (Psalm 73:1,28)

There is one sense in which this promise is ours to claim even now. We may not see God with our physical eyes, but the pure in heart are near God in the present. Psalm 73 says: “Surely God is good to those who are pure in heart … It is good to be near God.” (Psalm 73:1, 28) We see God spiritually as we draw near to him through Jesus. It is good to be near God. That’s part of the blessing promised in this beatitude.

      2) face to face in future (Psalm 17:15; 1 John 2:2-3; Revelation 22:4)

But we not only draw near to God in the present, one day we will see him face to face. We will behold him. Psalm 17:15 says: “In righteousness I will see your face; when I awake, I will be satisfied with seeing your likeness.” (Psalm 17:15) 1 John 3 tells us: “When he appears, we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is. Everyone who has this hope in him purifies himself.” (1 John 3:2-3) The last chapter of the Bible describes our great meeting with God in heaven and says that the servants of God and of the Lamb “will see his face.” (Revelation 22:4) What a day that will be! Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God.

III. The peacemakers (9) [Purity and peace – Hebrews 12:14; James 3:17]

Next we come to the peacemakers: “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God.” (Matthew 5:9)

   A. Those who make peace between offended parties

The peacemakers in the Beatitudes are those who make peace between offended parties. Notice they are not just the peaceful, not just peacekeepers, but they are peacemakers. In order to participate in this blessing it not enough just to have peace or to keep the peace, but we must actually make peace. The peacemaker is one who enters into the rough and tumble of human relationships and brings people together into community. Peacemakers are not afraid not afraid to get their hands dirty, but are willing to risk their own comfort and well-being in order to bring peace to others.

The word translated “peacemakers” is found only here in the New Testament. It is a general word which means to make peace between any two offended parties – whether individuals, groups, nations, or even between man and God. There is plenty of conflict in this world and how we need peacemakers to step into the gap and bring people together.

It’s important to note that this Beatitude follows the blessing on those who are pure in heart. Jesus is not talking about peace at any price, but a peace that rises out of purity. Purity always comes first. We don’t stop hungering and thirsting for righteousness just to keep the peace. We cannot make peace between God and man by ignoring sin. We need to take a stand for what is right. As John Stott writes: “We have no mandate from Christ to seek unity without purity, purity of both doctrine and conduct.”

Purity and peace go together. We see this in other Scriptures as well. James 3:17 says: “The wisdom that comes from heaven is first of all pure; then peace-loving.” (James 3:17) And then again in Hebrews 12:14: “Make every effort to live in peace with all men and to be holy.” (Hebrews 12:14) Purity and peace always go together, and we cannot separate them and still partake of Jesus’ blessings.

There are three ways in particular that we are called to be peacemakers. We should work hard at making peace with others, between others and between others and God.

      1) with others (Proverbs 15:1; Matthew 5:23-24; Romans 12:18)

First of all, we should work hard at making peace with others. Romans 12:18 says: “If it is possible, as far as it depends on you, live at peace with everyone.” (Romans 12:18) We should do everything we can within our power to be at peace with others in our lives. It’s not always possible to be at peace with someone – they have a say in it too – but we should do all that we can. If I’ve done wrong, then I need to apologize. If the other person has wronged me, then I need to forgive.

When we are not at peace with someone, it can even affect our worship of God. That’s why Jesus says later on in the Sermon on the Mount: “If you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift there in front of the altar. First go and be reconciled to your brother; then come and offer your gift.” (Matthew 5:23-24)

We need to be careful how we approach the other person. Proverbs 15:1 says: “A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger.” (Proverbs 15:1) Pray first, ask for God’s wisdom, but know that many times a gentle and loving confrontation is needed to make things right.

      2) between others (Philippians 4:2; Ephesians 4:2-3)

Secondly, we should work hard at making peace between others. Paul writes in Ephesians 4:2-3: “Be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing with one another in love. Make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace.” (Ephesians 4:2-3)

Notice that it takes effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace. That means intervening when two parties are divided and doing what you can to bring them back together. Paul modeled this for us in his letter to the Philippians when he wrote: “I plead with Euodia and I plead with Syntyche to agree with each other in the Lord.” (Philippians 4:2) He wasn’t content to let the division fester and grow, but he took proactive steps to bring the two back together.

      3) between others and God (Isaiah 52:7; Ephesians 6:15; 2 Corinthians 5:18-19)

Thirdly, and this is a big one, we should work hard at making peace between others and God. Every time you share the gospel, you are acting as a peacemaker. We read in Isaiah 52:7: “How beautiful on the mountains are the feet of those who bring good news, who proclaim peace, who bring good tidings, who proclaim salvation.” (Isaiah 52:7) Paul echoes this verse when he talks about having “your feet fitted with the readiness that comes from the gospel of peace.” (Ephesians 6:15) It is a beautiful thing to share the gospel of peace with someone who does not know the Lord.

Paul calls this the ministry and the message of reconciliation. He writes: “All this is from God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation: that God was reconciling the world to himself in Christ, not counting men’s sins against them. And he has committed to us the message of reconciliation.” (2 Corinthians 5:18-19)

Peacemaking has to do with the establishing of right relationships with others, between others, and between others and God. We need to be committed peacemakers in every sphere of influence in our lives – at home, at work, at school, in the church, in the community and in the world.

   B. The blessing promised: “called sons of God”
      – Ephesians 2:13-14; Colossians 1:20; 1 John 3:1

And what is the blessing Jesus pronounces on those who are peacemakers? “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God.” (Matthew 5:9) The blessing here is not simply to be a child of God, but to be called a child of God, in other words to be publicly recognized as such.

The phrase “son of” especially refers to character, that is, sharing the character of another. We have a similar expression in our language when the son acts just like the father. We say: “He is his father’s son.” We don’t mean that he is his father’s son biologically. If his father is his father, then of course he is father’s son just by definition. But we mean his character. He acts just like his father. That’s what this blessing means. Peacemakers will be called sons of God. We act just like our heavenly Father, and people can see the family resemblance.

God is a lover of peace. The greatest peacemaker of all is Jesus Christ. We read in Ephesians 2: “You who once were far away have been brought near through the blood of Christ. For he himself is our peace.” (Ephesians 2:13-14) Or in Colossians 1:20: “God was pleased … through him [Christ] to reconcile to himself all things … by making peace through his blood, shed on the cross.” (Colossians 1:20)

We are imitators of God and Jesus when we bring peace between people. Jesus is the Prince of Peace, and as followers of the Prince of Peace we walk in his footsteps. And when we do that we will be recognized as God’s children by others and acknowledged as God’s children by God himself. As we read in 1 John 3:1: “How great is the love the Father has lavished on us, that we should be called children of God! And that is what we are!” (1 John 3:1)

IV. The persecuted (10-12)

Finally we come to the eighth and last Beatitude: “Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.” (Matthew 5:10) Talk about turning your attitudes upside down! This is probably the toughest of all the Beatitudes to grasp. How in the world can Jesus call blessed those who are persecuted?

First of all, note its order in the Beatitudes. It comes last, after all the others. When you show mercy to others, when you are pure in heart, when you do the hard work of peacemaking, you will not always be appreciated. No matter how hard you try to be at peace with others, if you are a Christian you will face persecution. As Dietrich Bonhoeffer writes: “Not recognition, but rejection, is the reward they get from the world for their message and their works.”

Which would you rather have? Would you rather be cursed by men or be blessed by God? Guess what? You don’t have to choose! According to this Beatitude you can have both! Jesus pronounces God’s blessing on those who are persecuted by men.

   A. Those who suffer for being a Christian (insults; harm; slander)

Jesus is not talking about all people who are persecuted for all things here. He is very specific about who this blessing is for. He is talking about those who suffer for being a Christian. Remember, the Beatitudes describe the Christian character of those who follow Jesus. How do you develop this character? The Bible says we develop character through trials and persecution. Blessed are the persecuted.

      1) persecuted for righteousness (Proverbs 29:10; John 3:20; 2 Timothy 3:12)

Jesus says that as Christians we are persecuted for two reasons. First of all, we are persecuted for righteousness. Not all sufferers are blessed here but only those who are suffering because of righteousness. When you suffer for doing evil, that is not persecution but punishment! I like what James Boice says: “There is no promise of happiness for those who are persecuted for being a nuisance.” Notice it is not even innocent suffering that is blessed here, but suffering because of your character, because you have taken a stand for righteousness, whether at work or at school or in conversation.

Why is the Christian persecuted because of righteousness? Because when you take a stand for what is right, it exposes those who do wrong. And they don’t like it. Proverbs 29:10 says: “Bloodthirsty men hate a man of integrity and seek to kill the upright.” (Proverbs 29:10) John 3: 20 says: “Everyone who does evil hates the light, and will not come into the light for fear that his deeds will be exposed.” (John 3:20)

Jesus’ words in Matthew 5:11-12 give some added commentary on this last Beatitude and also provide a transition into the rest of the sermon where Jesus will addresses the disciples directly. Notice in verse 11 Jesus changes from talking about those who are persecuted to direct address:
“Blessed are you when people insult you, persecute you and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of me.” (Matthew 5:11)

Notice Jesus does not say “if” but “when.” “When” implies that this will indeed happen. Paul writes in 2 Timothy 3:12: “Everyone who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted.” (2 Timothy 3:12) Notice this happens to those who want to live a godly life in Christ Jesus. Persecution is not optional for the Christian who takes a stand for righteousness but is to be expected.

In verse 11 Jesus also tells us the types of persecution we may expect: insult and ridicule, physical or financial harm, and false accusations. Charles Quarles notes in his commentary on the Sermon on the Mount: “During the first three centuries of church history, Christians were accused of cannibalism, incest, atheism, and general hatred of humanity.” Today Christians who take a stand for righteousness are accused of being hateful and judgmental. Some have been attacked publicly. Others have lost their jobs. None of this should be surprising. As Paul warned us: “Everyone who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted.” (2 Timothy 3:12)

      2) persecuted for Christ (John 15:20; Acts 5:41; 1 Peter 4:14-16)

So that’s the first reason we are persecuted as Christians. We are persecuted for righteousness. The second reason is this. We are persecuted for Christ. Jesus said: “Blessed are you when people … persecute you … because of me.” (Matthew 5:11) “Because of me” means not just because of righteousness but also because you choose to identify with Jesus Christ. As Jesus said in John 15:20: “If they persecuted me, they will persecute you also.” (John 15:20)

It was because of Jesus that the apostles were persecuted. We read in Acts 5:41: “The apostles left the Sanhedrin, rejoicing because they had been counted worthy of suffering disgrace for the Name.” (Acts 5:41) – that is, the name of Jesus. 1 Peter 4 says this: “If you are insulted because of the name of Christ, you are blessed … If you suffer, it should not be as a murderer or thief or any other kind of criminal, or even as a meddler. However, if you suffer as a Christian, do not be ashamed, but praise God that you bear that name.” (1 Peter 4:14-16)

Jesus says when you suffer for righteousness and for Christ, you are blessed.

   B. The blessing promised: “the kingdom of heaven” (Rejoice!)

And what is the blessing promised? “Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.” (Matthew 5:10) The blessing for the last Beatitude is the same as the blessing for the first Beatitude – “for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.” The Beatitudes have come full circle, and this shows that Jesus is talking about the same group of people from beginning to end.

Jesus goes on in verse 12 to say: “Rejoice and be glad, because great is your reward in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.” (Matthew 5:12) The word translated “be glad” literally means to leap for joy! What should be your attitude when you face persecution for your faith in Christ? You shouldn’t sulk; you shouldn’t retaliate. You shouldn’t ignore or deny it. Instead, you should rejoice.

In fact Jesus gives you two reasons why you should rejoice.

      1) great and future reward (Romans 8:18; Hebrews 11:26)

First of all, because you have a great and future reward. “Great is your reward in heaven.” You don’t have a small reward waiting. It is a great reward. It is not a reward that you fully receive now, but it awaits you in the future. And holding on to that future perspective should help you in the present.

Moses understood the powerful motivation of a great and future reward. We read in Hebrews 11:26: “He [Moses] regarded disgrace for the sake of Christ as of greater value than the treasures of Egypt, because he was looking ahead to his reward.” (Hebrews 11:26) Paul writes in Romans 8:18: “I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us.” (Romans 8:18) Jesus says, “Rejoice when you suffer as a Christian, because you have a great and future reward.”

      2) treated the prophets the same way (Luke 6:26)

And why do you have this great reward waiting for you in the future? That’s the second reason Jesus gives you to rejoice. “For in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.” (Matthew 5:12) When you suffer for Jesus, you are in good company.

There is a strong statement of Jesus’ deity here. Notice Jesus says to his disciples: They persecuted the prophets who were “before you” not “before us.” He doesn’t include himself, because he himself was before the prophets. In suffering for God, the prophets also suffered for Jesus.

In the gospel of Luke Jesus flips this around when he says: “Woe to you when all men speak well of you, for that is how their fathers treated the false prophets.” (Luke 6:26) That would put you in bad company. When the whole world speaks well of you, that is a sign that you are not living for Jesus that way that you should. “Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.” (Matthew 5:10)

CONCLUSION: So as we wrap up this section of Scripture, let’s review. What are the Beatitudes? They are Jesus’ blessings upon his followers. Together they describe what a follower of Jesus Christ looks like. I like the way John Stott puts it: “The beatitudes paint a comprehensive portrait of a Christian disciple.”

We have seen that there is an important and intended sequence to the Beatitudes. First we confess our need for God. Then we confess our sin. We humbly submit ourselves to God and long to grow in his righteousness. Having received God’s mercy we extend that same mercy to others. We walk in integrity before God. We seek peace in all our relationships. We rejoice to suffer for Christ’s sake.

All true Christians will display all these characteristics in the Beatitudes, although not all Christians will display them equally. However, the more you display these qualities in your life, the happier you will be in Christ and the greater you will know these blessings that are reserved only for the followers of Jesus.

Last week we talked about how disorienting it is when we first look at the Beatitudes. Jesus calls things blessed that we would never call blessed. It’s as if someone walked into the store and switched all the price tags. Everything is backwards, and nothing makes sense. Jesus turns all the values of the world upside down, or as we said before, our attitudes were already upside down, and Jesus came to turn them right side up.

So trust Jesus when he tells you these are the things that will make you blessed. Do you want to know the secret to a happy life? It’s all right here in the Beatitudes.

© Ray Fowler

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